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Electroplating is an electrochemical process in which a metal layer is deposited onto a substrate by passing a current through an electrolyte solution containing metal salts. The metal ions are reduced and adhere to the surface, forming a thin, uniform coating. Electroplated finishes enhance surface properties such as corrosion resistance, wear resistance, conductivity, and aesthetic appearance. The surface roughness after electroplating typically ranges from 0.2 to 2.0 µm Ra, depending on the plating material and process parameters. Common electroplated metals include gold, silver, nickel, chromium, andcopper , each offering specific functional benefits. Electroplating can improve surface hardness, lubricity, and resilience against chemical exposure. It is often used in industries such as electronics,automotive , andaerospace for components requiring high durability and electrical conductivity. The process also allows for precise control of coating thickness, making it suitable for parts with tight tolerances. Electroplating improves surface uniformity and aesthetic appeal, while maintaining dimensional integrity of the underlying substrate.
Conductive metals (e.g., Fe, Cu, Zn, Al with pre-treatment).
Ra typically improves; depends on substrate and bath parameters.
Uniform, metallic finish; varies by electrolyte and process.
Glossy, matte, satin via bath chemistry and additives.
5–25µm standard; functional coatings may exceed.
Follows substrate; modifiable via masking or controlled deposition, Smooth Finish.
6061 T6, 6082, 7075-T6, 5083-H111, 6063, 5052, 2024-T351, 7050, 2017A, 6082-T651, 7075-T651, 2014, 6061-T651, 7075-T7351, 6082-T6, 2014-T6, 6063-T5, 6063-T6, 5083-H32, 5052-H32
A2 Tool steel, D2 Tool steel, A3 Tool Steel, O1 Tool Steel, S7 Tool Steel, H13 Tool Steel
932 Bearing Bronze , 954 Bearing Bronze, 544 Bearing Bronze
Coating thickness varies depending on the application. Thin coatings (0.5–5 μm) are used for decorative finishes, while industrial applications require thicker coatings (10–50 μm) for better wear and corrosion resistance.
Unlike anodizing, which creates an oxide layer on metals, electroplating adds a metallic layer to enhance properties like conductivity and wear resistance. It is also different from powder coating, which applies a non-metallic protective layer.
The choice depends on functional and aesthetic needs. For example: Nickel plating (Provides corrosion and wear resistance.) Chrome plating (Adds hardness and a polished appearance.) Gold plating (Enhances conductivity and prevents oxidation in electrical components).